Reference

This page lists concepts and links to their descriptions. The complete language specification is also available.

Some of these pages are incomplete. Want to help? See how.

Structure and Declarations

• Keywords
• Modules
• Packages
• Compilation units
• Types
• Type abbreviations
• Type Declarations
• Type parameters
• Type aliases
• Interfaces
• Classes
• Parameters
• Values
• Functions
• object declarations (c.f. object expressions)
• Annotations
• Dynamic interfaces

Annotations

• abstract
• actual
• aliased
• annotation
• default
• deprecated
• doc
• by
• formal
• final
• late
• license
• native
• optional
• sealed
• see
• serializable
• shared
• static
• suppressWarnings
• throws
• tagged
• variable

Markdown reference for documentation annotations

Statements

• assert
• break
• continue
• Condition lists
• Expression statements
• for
• if statement
• import
• return
• Specification statements
• Destructuring specification
• switch statement
• throw
• try
• while

Statement blocks and dynamic blocks.

Expressions

Expressions

• Invocation
• Tuple enumeration
• Iterable enumeration
• String templates
• this
• outer
• super
• package qualifier
• Anonymous functions
• Callable references
• Static references
• Meta references
• if expressions
• switch expressions
• let
• object expressions

Also see operators and literals below

Operators

• ! (not)
• != (not equal)
• % (remainder)
• %= (remainder assign)
• & (Set intersection)
• && (and)
• &&= (and assign)
• &= (Set intersect assign)
• () (invoke)
• * (product)
• ** (scale)
• *= (multiply assign)
• + (sum)
• + (unary plus)
• ++ (increment)
• += (add assign)
• - (difference)
• - (unary minus)
• -- (decrement)
• -= (subtract assign)
• -> (entry)
• . (member)
• .. (spanned range)
• y:z (measured range)
• / (quotient)
• /= (divide assign)
• < (less than)
• <= (less than or equal)
• <=> (compare)
• = (assign)
• == (equal)
• === (identical)
• > (greater than)
• >= (greater than or equal)
• ?. (null-safe attribute)
• ?. (null-safe method)
• [] (lookup)
• []= (lookup assign)
• * (spread)
• *. (spread attribute)
• *. (spread method)
• x[y..z] (span)
• x[y...] (upper span)
• x[...z] (lower span)
• x[y:z] (measure)
• ^ (power)
• | (Set union)
• |= (Set union assign)
• || (or)
• ||= (or assign)
• {} (invoke)
• ~ (Set complement)
• ~= (Set complement assign)
• else
• exists
• in
• is
• nonempty
• of
• then

Operator polymorphism

Literals

• Integer literals
• Float literals
• String literals
• Character literals

API docs for ceylon.language and the Ceylon SDK

The API documentation for the Ceylon platform modules, including the language module can be found on the Herd.

Tools

• Command line tooling and build tools
• The ceylon command, ceylon
• An index of ceylon subcommands
• Dealing with repositories on the command line
• The Ceylon project structure
• ceylon command plugins
• The Ceylon ant tasks
• The configuration file format
• Bootstrapping Ceylon

Interoperability

• Calling Ceylon modules on the JVM
• Calling Ceylon from Java
• Calling Java from Ceylon
• Type mapping
• EE mode
• Running Ceylon modules in OSGI containers
• The JavaScript compiler
• How to use native annotations
• Building with Maven

Module repositories

• Module repositories
• module.properties files
• Maven repositories
• Module overrides
• modules.ceylon-lang.org aka Ceylon Herd
• The Ceylon SDK