Note: information on this page refers to Ceylon 1.1, not to the current release.

Anonymous functions

An anonymous function is a function with no name, defined within an expression.

Usage 

// verbose
function (Float x) => 2*x

// less verbose
(Float x) => 2*x 

// void
void (String name) => print("hello " + name)

// with a block
(String name) {
    String greeting = "hello " + name;
    print(greeting);
    return greeting;
}

Description

Type

The type of an anonymous function is simply the callable type of the function.

Function and void keywords

The keyword function is optional for an anonymous function that returns a value. The keyword void is required for an anonymous function that doesn't return a value, for example, if it calls a void method or function, or performs an assignment.

Higher-order anonymous functions

Anonymous functions can, be higher order too. Here's one with multiple parameter lists:

value multiplier = (Float x)(Float y) => x*y;

Advice

Try to avoid using anonymous functions as function results. The preferred form is to use a function with multiple parameter lists:

// A function f which returns an anonymous function
// (difficult to read with all those =>)
Float(Float) f(Float x) => (Float y) => x*y;

// A function f with multiple parameters
// (preferred)
Float f(Float x)(Float y) => x*y;

Anonymous functions with blocks are rare. If your anonymous function doesn't fit in a single expression, consider refactoring:

  • turn the anonymous function into an ordinary named function,
  • use Extract Function to pull some of the functionality out of the anonymous function, or
  • use a named argument list instead.

See also